I-ADSS clamps, njenge-I-ADSS yokuqinisa ukumiswafuthiI-ADSS dead end clamp, ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ekufakweni kwekhebula le-fiber yasemoyeni, ezinikeza ukuzinza nokuqina ezindaweni eziyinselele. Idizayini engasindi ye-Ikhebula lekhebula le-ADSSkwenza ukufakwa kuqonde, ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude, kuyilapho ukumelana kwayo nokuchayeka kwe-UV nokugqwala kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside. Ngokwesibonelo, aukuqinisa ukumiswa kwentambo ye-ADSSikhombisa ukwethenjwa kakhulu ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinomswakama ophezulu, ukugcina ukubamba okuphephile nokuqinisekisa isevisi engaphazamiseki.
Okuthathwayo Okubalulekile
- Izintambo zokumisa izintambo ze-ADSSekuweni, ukuwagcina ezinzile futhi ephephile, ngisho nangesikhathi sezulu esibi.
- Lawa ma-clamps alula futhielula ukusetha. Abawadingi amathuluzi akhethekile, okwehlisa izindleko zokusebenza.
- Izinsimbi ze-ADSS zihlala isikhathi eside futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane. Lokhu kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhlakaniphile kumaphrojekthi wekhebula lasemoyeni wesikhathi eside.
Ukuzinza Kwekhebula Okuthuthukisiwe
Ivimbela Ukucwiliswa Kwekhebula
Izinsimbi ze-ADSS zidlala indima ebalulekileukuvimbela ukuwohloka kwekhebulangesikhathi sokufakwa kwentambo ye-fibre yasemoyeni. Ukwakhiwa kwazo okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlala endaweni ephephile, ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo zemvelo eziyinselele. Lokhu kuzinza kunciphisa ingozi yezingozi ezibangelwa ukucwila noma ukunqamuka kwezintambo.
- Ezifundeni ezisogwini, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zibonise ukusebenza okumangalisayo ngokumelana nokugqwala nokugcina ikhebula lizinzile naphezu komswakama ophezulu kanye nokuchayeka kukasawoti.
- Izinkampani zokuxhumana zisebenzise ngempumelelo lezi zinsimbi ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinomoya, ziqinisekisa isevisi engaphazamiseki futhi zivimbela ukucwiliswa kwamakhebula.
- Ezifundeni ezinezintaba, ama-clamp e-ADSS abonakale esebenza kahle ekugcineni izintambo ziqinile ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aqandayo nesithwathwa esikhulu.
Izinto ezihlala isikhathi eside ezisetshenziswa kuma-clamp e-ADSS nazo zimelana nengcindezi yemvelo, ziqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. Ngokunikeza ukubamba okuphephile kwezintambo, lezi zimpimpi zinqoba izinselele ngokuvamile okubhekana nazo ekufakweni kwasemoyeni.
Igcina Ubuqotho Bekhebula
Ukugcina ubuqotho bekhebulaibalulekile ekuxhumaneni okungaphazamiseki, futhi izinsimbi ze-ADSS zihamba phambili kulesi sici. Umklamo wabo uqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlala zilimale, ngisho nasezindaweni ezinokhahlo.
| Isimo | Ubufakazi |
|---|---|
| Imvelo Enzima | Izinsimbi ze-ADSS zigcina ubuqotho bekhebula ngisho nasemvuleni enkulu, iqhwa, umoya onamandla, namazinga okushisa aphezulu. |
| Ukucindezeleka Komshini | Baqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo zihlala endaweni evikelekile ngaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu kwemishini, zisekela ukuxhumana okungaphazanyiswa. |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Yenziwe ngezinto ezikwazi ukumelana nokugqwala nokugqwala, iqinisekisa ukuqina ezindaweni ezisogwini nezinomswakama. |
Ngokuvikela izintambo ngokumelene nokucindezeleka komshini kanye nezici zemvelo, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zinikeza isisombululo esithembekile sokugcina ubuqotho bokufakwa kwe-fiber optic. Ikhono labo lokumelana nezimo ezinzima libenza babaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
Ukuqina Ezimeni Ezidlulele
Izinto Ezimelana Nesimo Sezulu
Ama-clamp e-ADSS akhelwe ukubekezelela izimo zemvelo ezinzima kakhulu, azenze aukukhetha okuthembekile emoyeniukufakwa kwentambo yefiber. Ukwakhiwa kwazo kuhlanganisa izinto eziklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nomonakalo ohlobene nesimo sezulu, njengokugqwala nokuwohloka kwe-UV. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-clamp agcina ubuqotho bawo besakhiwo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngisho nasezimweni zezulu eziyinselele.
- Ezifundeni ezisogwini ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nokuchayeka kukasawoti, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zibonise ukumelana nokugqwala okukhethekile.
- Inkampani yezokuxhumana yazisebenzisa ngempumelelo lezi zinsimbi endaweni esogwini enomoya, lapho zagcina khona ukubamba kwazo nokuhlala ziqinile naphezu kokuchayeka njalo ezintweni ezinokhahlo.
- Ezifundeni ezinezintaba, ama-clamp e-ADSS afakazele ukwethembeka kwawo ngokugcina izintambo zizinzile ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aqandayo nesithwathwa esikhulu.
Lo mklamo umelana nesimo sezulu uqinisekisa ukuthi ama-clamp e-ADSS asebenza ngokungaguquki, anciphisa amathuba okwehluleka okubangelwa izingcindezi zemvelo.
Ukusebenza Kwesikhathi Eside
Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwezinsimbi ze-ADSS kuwubufakazi bokwakhiwa kwazo okuqinile nobunjiniyela obucabangayo. Lawa ma-clamps aklanyelwe ukwenzaukumelana nokucindezeleka kwemishini, ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwezintambo ze-fiber optic ezimweni zezulu ezimbi njengemimoya enamandla neqhwa elinzima. Ukuqina kwazo kunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo, kuzenze zibe yisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu samaphrojekthi wesikhathi eside.
- Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kwezinsimbi ze-ADSS kunomthelela ekhonweni lazo lokubekezelela iminyaka yokusetshenziswa ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza.
- Izidingo zokunakekelwa okuphansi ziqhubeka ziqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwazo, njengoba zinciphisa isikhathi nezinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze zigcinwe.
Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqina nezidingo zokunakekelwa okuphansi, izimbawula ze-ADSS zihlinzeka ngesixazululo esinokwethenjelwa sokufakwa kwentambo yefayibha yasemoyeni, iqinisekisa isevisi engaphazamiseki nokusebenza okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Inqubo Yokufaka Eyenziwe Lula
Awekho Amathuluzi Adingekayo
I-ADSS clampsukwenza lula ukufaka ikhebula le-aerial fibrengokuqeda isidingo samathuluzi akhethekile. Idizayini yabo emisha ivumela ochwepheshe ukuthi bavikele izintambo ngokushesha nangempumelelo ngaphandle kwemishini eyengeziwe. Lesi sici sinciphisa isikhathi sokufaka futhi sinciphise izindleko zabasebenzi, okwenza inqubo ifinyeleleke kalula ezindaweni ezikude noma eziyinselele.
Ukwakhiwa okungasindi kwezinsimbi ze-ADSS kuthuthukisa ukuphatheka, okwenza ochwepheshe bakwazi ukuzihambisa kalula ezindaweni okunzima ukufinyelela kuzo. Le nzuzo ibonakala iwusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezindawo ezimangelengele noma ingqalasizinda elinganiselwe.
Ukuthunyelwa Okusheshayo
Inqubo yokufaka ehlelekile yezinsimbi ze-ADSS isheshisa izikhathi zephrojekthi, iqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa okusheshayo kwamakhebula asemoyeni. Ukuzisekela kwabo kuqeda isidingo sezintambo zezithunywa noma izakhiwo ezengeziwe zokusekela, ukwenza inqubo yokusetha ibe lula.
- Ezindaweni ezikude ezinezintaba, izintambo ze-ADSS zenza ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngesivinini esikhulu, zibonise idizayini yazo engasindi evumela ukuthutha okulula.
- Imvelo yokuzisekela yezintambo ze-ADSS yaqeda isidingo sezakhiwo ezengeziwe zokusekela,ukwenza lula inqubo yokufaka.
- Naphezu kwezimo zezulu eziyinselele, kuhlanganise neqhwa elinamandla nomoya onamandla, izintambo zigcine ukusebenza okuthembekile, okubonisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ngokunciphisa inkimbinkimbi yokufaka, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zinika amandla ukuthunyelwa ngokushesha, ziqinisekisa ukuxhumana okuthembekile kuzilungiselelo ezahlukahlukene. Ukusebenza kahle kwabo kubenza babe ukukhetha okuhle kwamaphrojekthi adinga izikhathi zokushintsha ngokushesha.
Isixazululo Esisebenza Ngezindleko
Iqeda Isidingo Se-Messenger Wire
Izinsimbi ze-ADSS ziqeda isidingo sezintambo zezithunywa, zinikeza inzuzo enkulu yezindleko ekufakweni kwentambo yefayibha yasemoyeni. Lezi zimpimpi zibamba ngokuvikelekile izintambo ze-fiber optic ngaphandle kokudinga izakhiwo ezengeziwe zokusekela, ukwenza kube lula inqubo yokufaka nokunciphisa izindleko zezinto ezibonakalayo. Umklamo wabo uqinisekisa ukuqina, ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima zangaphandle, okubenza babe aukukhetha okuthembekilekumaphrojekthi wesikhathi eside.
| Zuza | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqina | Izimbawula ze-ADSS zivimbela ukulimala kokuchayeka kwe-UV nokugqwala, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. |
| Ukuphepha | Zibamba ngokuphephile izintambo, zinciphisa izingozi zezingozi ezibangelwa ukuwohloka noma ukunqamuka. |
| Ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko | Ukuqeda izintambo ze-messenger kwehlisa izindleko zokufakwa nezokulungisa. |
Ngokususa isidingo sezintambo zezithunywa, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zilula inqubo yokufaka kuyilapho ziqinisekisa ukuphepha nokwethembeka. Lesi sici sibenza babe yisixazululo esinomnotho nesisebenzayo sezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Yehlisa Izindleko Zokulungisa
Izidingo eziphansi zokulungisa izinsimbi ze-ADSS zifaka isandla ekongeni kwazo. Uma sezifakiwe, lezi zinsimbi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, ukonga isikhathi nezinsiza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwakhiwa kwazo okuqinile kuqinisekisa ukuqina, kunciphisa isidingo sokushintshwa njalo.
- Ama-clamp e-ADSS aklanyelwe ukumelana nokuguga kwemvelo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside.
- Izidingo zabo zokunakekelwa okuphansi zihumushela ukonga kwezindleko ezinkulu, okuvumela izinsiza ukuthi zabelwe ezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
| Zuza | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqina kwesikhathi eside | Izinsimbi ze-ADSS zimelana nokugqokwa kwemvelo, ziqinisekisa ukuphila isikhathi eside. |
| Izidingo zokunakekela eziphansi | Ukugcinwa okuncane konga isikhathi nezinsiza. |
| Idizayini engasindi | Yehlisa izindleko zokuhamba nezokufaka, inciphise izindleko zabasebenzi. |
Ngokuhlanganisa ukuqina nezidingo zokunakekelwa okuphansi, izimbawula ze-ADSS zinikeza isixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sokufakwa kwentambo yefayibha yasemoyeni. Ikhono labo lokunciphisa izindleko eziqhubekayo libenza babe ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kochwepheshe abafuna izinketho ezinokwethenjelwa nezongayo.
Ukuhlukahluka Kwezinhlelo Zokusebenza
Ihambisana Nosayizi Bekhebula Abahlukahlukene
Izinsimbi ze-ADSS zibonisa ukuhambisana okukhethekile nezinhlobonhlobo zosayizi bekhebula, okubenza babe ukukhetha okuguquguqukayo kokufaka imicu yasemoyeni. Idizayini yabo ithatha amadayamitha athile kanye nokwakhiwa kwakho kokubili izintambo ze-ADSS ne-OPGW, okuqinisekisa ukubamba okuphephile ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ubuqotho bemicu yokubona. Lokhu kuzivumelanisa nezimo kuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi basebenzise i-clamp efanayo kumaphrojekthi ahlukene, kunciphisa isidingo semishini ekhethekile.
- Ukuhambisana namadayamitha ekhebula ahlukahlukene kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-clamp ilingana nosayizi wekhebula odingekayo ekufakweni ngakunye.
- Ukwakhiwa okuqinile kuvimbela ukulimala kwezintambo ezibonakalayo ezibucayi, ukugcina ukusebenza kwekhebula.
Ikhono lokusingatha osayizi bekhebula abahlukahlukene ligqamisa ukuguquguquka kwezinsimbi ze-ADSS, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo kumaphrojekthi anezidingo zobuchwepheshe ezihlukahlukene.
Ifanele Izinhlobo Ezihlukene Zesigxobo
Ama-clamp e-ADSS ahamba phambili ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo ukuzeizinhlobo ezahlukene zesigxobo, ithuthukisa futhi ukuguquguquka kwazo ekufakweni kwasemoyeni. Umklamo wabo we-dielectric wonke uqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuphephile eduze kwezintambo zamandla, ususa ubungozi bokuphazanyiswa kukagesi. Ukwengeza, ukumelana kwazo kwe-UV nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kuzenza zifanelekele ukufakwa ezigxotsheni zokhuni, zikakhonkolo, noma zensimbi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene.
Ama-clamp e-ADSS amelana nengcindezi ebangelwa umoya onamandla noma iqhwa elinamandla, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesigxobo noma indawo.
Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela ochwepheshe ukuthi basebenzise izinsimbi ze-ADSS ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, zasemakhaya, nasezindaweni ezikude, ukuqinisekisa imiphumela engaguquki kuzo zonke izimo zokufaka ezihlukene. Ikhono labo lokuzivumelanisa nezinhlobo zezigxobo ezihlukene kanye nezimo zemvelo kubenza babaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wentambo ye-fiber yasemoyeni.
Ukuphepha Okuthuthukisiwe Nokwethenjelwa
Vikela Ukusekelwa Kwekhebula
Izinsimbi ze-ADSS zinikeza ukwesekwa kwekhebula okukhethekile, okuqinisekisa ukuthi izintambo ze-fiber optic zihlala zisendaweni evikelekile ngisho nasezimweni ezinzima. Ukwakheka kwazo okuqinile kuvimbela ukushelela noma ukunyakaza, okubalulekile ekugcineni ukuxhumana okungaphazamiseki. Ukuhlolwa kobunjiniyela kuqinisekise ukusebenza kwabo ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu:
- Ama-clamp e-ADSS abonakale esebenza kahle ezindaweni ezisogwini ezinomswakama ophezulu nokuchayeka kukasawoti, ezimelana nokugqwala kanye nokugcina ukubamba kuqinile.
- Inkampani yezokuxhumana isebenzise ngempumelelo lezi zinsimbi endaweni esogwini enomoya, lapho zibonise khona ukuqina nokusekelwa kwekhebula elivikelekile naphezu kwezimo eziyinselele.
- Izinsimbi ziphinde zivikele izintambo ekuchayekeni nasekugqwaleni kwe-UV, zizenze zilungele ukufakwa ngaphandle kwesikhathi eside.
Lokhu kusekelwa okuvikelekile kunciphisa ubungozi bokulimala kwekhebula, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngokubamba izintambo ngokuqinile endaweni, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zinciphisa amathuba okuphazamiseka okubangelwa izingcindezi zemvelo.
Yehlisa Ingozi Yokuhluleka
Ukuthembeka kokufakwa kwefayibha yasemoyeni kuya ngokuthiukunciphisa ukwehluleka, kanye nezinsimbi ze-ADSS zihamba phambili kulokhu. Ukwakhiwa kwabo okuhlala isikhathi eside kumelana nokucindezeleka kwemishini, njengemimoya enamandla noma iqhwa elinzima, okuvame ukuholela ekuhlulekeni kwekhebula. Lezi zinsimbi ziphinde zivimbele ukuhlehla, inkinga evamile engafaka engozini ubuqotho bekhebula nokuphepha.
Ucwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukufakwa okusebenzisa izinsimbi ze-ADSS kuba nokwehluleka okumbalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezindlela ezivamile. Lokhu kwethembeka okuthuthukisiwe kuhumusha izindleko ezincishisiwe zesikhathi sokuphumula nezokulungisa, okuzenza kube ukukhetha okuncanyelwayo kochwepheshe.
Ngokunciphisa ubungozi bokwehluleka, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zithuthukisa ukuphepha okuphelele nokwethenjwa kokufakwa kwefayibha yasemoyeni. Ikhono labo lokwenza ngokungaguquki ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene liqinisekisa impumelelo yesikhathi eside yamaphrojekthi.
Idizayini Enobungani Nemvelo
Izinto Ezisetshenziswa Kabusha
Ama-clamp e-ADSS afaka isandla ekusimameni ngokusebenzisaizinto ezigaywa kabushaekwakhiweni kwazo. Abakhiqizi bavamise ukusebenzisa ama-polymer nezinsimbi zekhwalithi ephezulu ezingacutshungulwa kabusha ekupheleni komjikelezo wabo wempilo. Le ndlela inciphisa ukumosha futhi ikhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele. Ukugaywa kabusha lezi zinto kunciphisa indawo ezungezile yokufakwa kwentambo yefayibha yasemoyeni.
Isibonelo, ama-polymers asetshenziswa kuma-clamp e-ADSS angancibilika phansi futhi aphinde ahloselwe imikhiqizo emisha, okunciphisa isidingo sezinto ezingaziwa. Le nqubo ilondoloza amandla kanye nezinsiza ezingavuthiwe, ihambisana nemizamo yomhlaba wonke yokunciphisa udoti wezimboni.
Imvelo ekwazi ukuphinda isetshenziswe yalezi zimpimpi izenza zibe ukukhetha okuvumelana nemvelo kumaphrojekthi abeka phambili umthwalo wemfanelo wendawo. Ngokukhetha imikhiqizo enezinto ezigaywa kabusha, izinkampani zingahlangabezana nezinhloso zokusimama ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza.
Umthelela Ophansi Wezemvelo
Idizayini yezinsimbi ze-ADSS iqinisekisa umthelela omncane kwezemvelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa nokulahlwa kwazo. Ukwakhiwa kwazo okungasindi kunciphisa ukukhishwa kwezinto zokuhamba, njengoba kudingeka izinsiza ezimbalwa ukuze ziyiswe ezindaweni zokufakwa. Ukwengeza, ukuqina kwazo kunciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa, kwehlisa imfucuza iyonke ekhiqizwa imisebenzi yokulungisa.
- Ama-clamp e-ADSS awadingi ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali noma okokunamathela okungalimaza imvelo.
- Idizayini yabo ye-dielectric yonke iqeda ubungozi bokuphazanyiswa kukagesi, iqinisekise ukusetshenziswa okuphephile eduze kwezintambo zikagesi ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo wemvelo.
Lezi zici zenza izinsimbi ze-ADSS zibe yisinqumo esinesibopho samaphrojekthi akhathalela imvelo. Idizayini yabo enomthelela ophansi isekela intuthuko esimeme kuyilapho igcina ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle okudingekayo ekufakweni kwentambo yefayibha yasemoyeni.
Izinsimbi ze-ADSS, ezifana nalezo ezisuka e-Dowell, zinikeza ukwethembeka okungenakuqhathaniswa ekufakweni kwentambo yefayibha yasemoyeni. Ukuqina kwazo, ukugcinwa kwazo okuphansi, nokumelana nokugqwala kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside ezindaweni ezinokhahlo. Ithebula elilandelayo ligqamisa izinzuzo zabo ezibalulekile:
| Zuza | Incazelo |
|---|---|
| Ukuqina | Ama-clamp e-ADSS aklanyelwe ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima, ukuqinisekisa ukwethembeka kwesikhathi eside. |
| Isondlo Esiphansi | Uma sezifakiwe, lezi zinsimbi zidinga ukunakekelwa okuncane, okonga isikhathi nezinsiza. |
| Ukuphepha | Zibamba ngokuphephile izintambo ze-fiber optic, ezinciphisa ingozi yezingozi ngenxa yokucwila noma ukunqamuka. |
| Ukumelana Nokugqwala | Izimbawula ze-ADSS zivimbela ukulimala kokuchayeka kwe-UV nokugqwala, okuzenza zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle. |
| Ukusebenza Ezimweni Ezinzima | Ukusebenza okuqinisekisiwe ezimeni ezimbi kakhulu, njengezindawo ezisogwini ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nokuchayeka kukasawoti. |
Ukukhetha izinsimbi ze-ADSS zekhwalithi ephezulu kuqinisekisa ukufakwa okusebenzayo nemiphumela ethembekile, okuwenza ube utshalomali olubalulekile lwanoma iyiphi iphrojekthi.
FAQ
Imele ini i-ADSS kuma-clamp e-ADSS?
I-ADSS imele ukuthi “All-Dielectric Self-Supporting.” Lezi zinsimbi ziklanyelwe ukusekela izintambo ze-fiber optic ngaphandle kokudinga izinto eziqhutshwayo noma izinhlaka ezengeziwe zokusekela.
Ingabe izinsimbi ze-ADSS zingasetshenziswa ezimweni zezulu ezimbi kakhulu?
Yebo, izinsimbi ze-ADSS zenziwe ngezinto ezimelana nesimo sezulu. Zisebenza ngokwethembeka ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa iqhwa elinamandla, umoya onamandla, nomswakama ophezulu.
Ingabe izinsimbi ze-ADSS ziyahambisana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezintambo ze-fiber optic?
Izinsimbi ze-ADSS ziyahlukahluka futhi ziyahambisana nosayizi abahlukahlukene bekhebula. Umklamo wabo uqinisekisa ukubamba okuphephile ngaphandle kokulimaza imicu ye-optical.
Ithiphu:Njalo qinisekisa ububanzi bekhebula ngaphambi kokukhetha iI-ADSS clampukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka nokusebenza okufanele.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-25-2025